Discuss the Importance of Visual Perception Essay

Sexual development is an important personal characteristic that contributes to ones self-worth. It is the way one sees him or her independent of one’s anatomic appearance. The way one feels and the way one is acknowledged by society and the environment can make the difference between being happy or unhappy. Whether or not one’s choice is accepted by others can also influence how one lives. Unfortunately, sexual development is often confused because it is most often assumed to agree with one’s appearance. Very often, it does but sometimes it differs. Simply because something seems or is supposed to be a certain way due to one’s societal expectations, does not mean that it always will be. Things are not always the way they appear and it takes much greater knowledge and understanding to accept people for what they are, even if it does not go along with what one learned. Keywords: Gender, male and female, hormones, environment Sexual Development Everyone possesses a gender identity, which most often matches one’s anatomic appearance. One’s sexual development can be either male or female or even something in between. Is sexual development truly so important or does it not play that significant of a role? Maybe this example will help everyone come to a better conclusion about this subject. A healthy baby boy was born to very happy parents. However, about eight months into his life, something happened and his genitals were horrifically destroyed. His biggest male appearance at that age, his penis, did not exist anymore. His parents, completely disturbed by the accident, heard about a psychologist who was able to assign sex to children whose genitals were destroyed or not there for another reason. According to Culbertson (2009), â€Å"If it is not created, then the child will be assigned a grammatical gender (in the Western world, all children must be either a boy or a girl), which may or may not match that childà ¢â‚¬â„¢s social gender as it evolves over the course of childhood† (para. 14). Very often, when a parent chooses the sex for his or her own child due to the circumstances, it seems to work very well. However, prenatal hormones also influence these factors in either working or not. Nevertheless, it did not work in this case and this boy began to live  an unhappy life as a girl. Time went by and many problems occurred until she saw another psychologist. Her parents finally told her what happened and she began the transformation into a male. It seems like being a male made him happier once again and he even married and became a stepfather. However, this story does not have a successful conclusion, as David Reimer committed suicide at the age of 38 (New York Times, 2004). This tragic story shows that one’s sexual development matters. It also explains that there is more than one factor that contributes to one’s sexual development. Therefore, the author of this paper will try to provide a better understanding into how gender identity and sexual development happens. The interaction between hormones and behavior will be explained and what role it plays in finding his or her own gender indentify in sexual development. As usual, it will also use the help of biopsychology and the environment to provide a better answer for the reader. The author hopes that the reader will not only establish a deeper knowledge about this subject but mostly that he or she will walk away with more understanding for individualism. Determination of Sexual Development Many different factors come into play determining one’s final sexual development. It is very important to acknowledge that not everything that appears a certain way also will perform as such. One’s anatomy might indicate being a male or female; however, this does not mean that this is actually how a person views him or herself. Chromosomes play a very important role in developing sexual organs. Sexual chromosomes, such as XX and XY, help determine sexual differentiation. For instance, XX chromosomes will lead to the development of a female while XY chromosomes develop a male. In addition, the sexual X chromosome and non-sexual chromosomes can do more and possess the ability of developing either sexual genitals. This is why the exposure to hormones before and after one is born is so significant. Hormones are responsible for one’s biological development. Therefore, it is very interesting to find out that the Y chromosome directs the glands to releases male sex hormones. Furthermore, hormones present during pregnancy will most likely affect the nervous system. It is important to acknowledge that every embryo is bisexual and has the ability to develop into a male or female until the end of the first trimester and  the ability of hormones, which will the determine the kind of system, the Mà ¼llerian system or Wolffian system, one develops (Carlson, 2007). It is clear that hormones influence sexual development and help one to not only view him or her as male or female but also feel as such. For instance, hormones also influence feminine and masculine characteristics. As stated by Berk (2004), â€Å"Masculine and androgynous children and adults have higher self-esteem, whereas feminine individuals often think poorly of themselves, perhaps because many of their traits are not highly valued by society†(p. 263). Children and Sexual Development One is not born knowing everything about him or herself. The way one is brought up, the environment, and different beliefs, just to mention few, all help one come to that conclusion. Children are not born with the knowledge of what his or her anatomy and gender identity is; they learn it at a certain age. To be even more exact and according to Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus (2008) â€Å"Most children first become aware of their anatomic sex by about the age of 18 months. By 36 months, most children have acquired a firm sense of gender identity† (p.167). Therefore, one’s social learning and cognitive development also affect gender identity and sexual development. Children are influenced first by their parents and then by other authorities, peers and even the media. Another very important theory that should be considered in how one comes to their gender identity is the gender schema theory. This theory knows the strong influence one’s cognitive development and the environment play together. This happens by setting either masculine or feminine categories with which one can identify more. So for instance, boys play only with specific toys and girls do the same. Either gender is criticized by not following these rules or these rules are even pre-set by others. Parents buy gender specific toys and stores even categorize their sections by age and gender. These examples show how much other factors help one choose his and her gender identity and therefore influence one’s sexual development (Berk, 2004, p. 263). Still, even though one’s appearance normally goes along with one’s preference, there are times when this does not happen. Maybe this is one of the reasons why it takes so many to open up and let everyone know how he or she truly  feels. This may also be one of the reasons why so many never say anything and hurt themselves or even end their lives. This is why it is especially important for parents and other authorities’ roles to avoid stereotyping and allow the possibility of acceptance even if it does not go alone with one’s thin king and the social agreement. Furthermore, this can be explained by examining the behavior of intersexuals. Intersexuals’ gonads differ from their sexual appearance yet they are brought up by how they look. However, many express difficulty indentifying with being either male or female. This provides the clear evidence of the interplay of biological factors and the environment contributing to one’s sexual development (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2008). However, indentifying with either one seems to be important. Quoted by Gross: Both males and females reported that gendered expectations at home involved educational success. For females, gendered expectations at school involved being interested in fashion and boys. For males, gendered expectations at school involved being interested in girls and participating in non-academic activities like sport (Gross, 2009). Biological Psychology Biological psychology plays an important role and considers different factors when explaining what and how sexual differentiation and sexual development is determine. It acknowledges that a person’s brain influences one’s behavior; this behavior resembles male or female characteristics and will be categorized as such. However, biological psychology also knows that it is not so simple explaining a human and there are many other important aspects in one’s life, which cause certain things to occur. Therefore, not only the brain but also, hormones, heredity, the environment, cultural upbringing, and one’s choices will determine either a traditional or a non-traditional role with which one can better identify. Determination of Greater Influence As everyone differs from each other, so too differ each individual’s influence. For instance, someone could have been exposed to prenatal hormones that normally would determine how one turns out to be, but then they were prone to the influences of his or her environment and turned out completely opposite. Therefore, saying which has the greater contribution  is a difficult decision to make. There is evidence for both such as, being raised as a male and resembling one should surely let one know that is how they should feel. That does not happen all the time. If the answer would be so clear, then one should be able to know what causes female homosexuals to have higher levels of testosterone, as human biology or a certain lifestyle can increase the level. This is why it is, most likely, the interplay of both that contribute to this occurrence, leading to uncertainty of the main cause. Conclusion One’s looks do not indicate how one feels and certain important factors contribute to one’s sexual differentiation, gender identity, and sexual development. Surely, it matters to try to find the correct answers because they may provide more understanding to human nature. So maybe one day, much clearer resolutions can be provided. However, in the mean time, one should always keep in mind that every individual tries to be his or her best and to be acknowledged is what, in the end, counts and makes a truly good person. One way of doing so is â€Å"by making it illegal to discriminate in employment, public accommodation, credit, housing and education based on a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity†( Journal of Property Management, 2007).

Hispanic in America Essay

America nowadays is knows as cultural diversity country and considered a home for many different cultures and races. The Hispanic term is not either a race or ethnicity, but is considered an American term use in USA to defined people who speak Spanish or their ancestors spoke Spanish at one point in their life. According to â€Å"U.S. Census 2000 State & County Statistical QuickFacts† â€Å"Hispanics or Latinos are those people who classified themselves in one of the specific Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino categories listed on the Census 2000 questionnaire† Therefore, sometimes people in general stereotype Hispanics in America as they all speak Spanish and have the same ethnic traits. Also People stereotype Hispanic as we are all from Mexico, uneducated with low wage job position, welfare recipients, have huge families and illegal immigrants. People in America stereotypes Hispanics as they all speak Spanish, but that isn’treally what I think it is. Hispanics are co nsidered very diverse groups where some speak just Spanish and not interest to learn a second language. Some others speak English only because they have been prohibited to speak their native language due to racism or they had not value their native language. Others speak indigenous languages. Moreover, the majority in these days speaks both languages. I think the last one is the most common nowadays because Hispanic people have realized the importance of the two languages in America for jobs and education. People have the general perception of Hispanics as they have the same traits as dark brown hair and eyes and tan or olive skin. In reality, not all Hispanics look or have those traits, not all look mestizos, a mix of Spanish and Indian. Some Hispanic look European, others look black. Others look Indian or mestizos. However the majority is considerate white Caucasian for the European influence in the colonization in Latin America. However, there are many other Spanish countries lik e Spain, Morocco, Nicaragua, Argentina, Islas Filipinas, Uruguay, Ecuador, Cuba, and some more. Even though they are Spanish speaking countries, their each have their own traits, ascent and heritage. According to the â€Å"The Crystal Reference Encyclopedia,† â€Å"Any person resident in the USA who comes from, or whose parents came from, Spanish-speaking countries in Central and South America, including the Caribbean.† Hispanic has been stereotype as uneducated or gave up school with low wage jobs. However, the reality was  that Hispanics were considered uneducated by Americansbecause they couldn’t speak English and they were focused on their jobs to give a better life for themselves and their families. However, the reality nowadays is different; Hispanics recognized the education as a key of success. They are now interested in learn English as a second language and take advantage of some many educational programs out there. Actually, there are some Hispanic people with higher education than don’t work as gardeners, housekeepers, nannies anymore. On the other hand, some Hispanics have already overcome this stereotype. For example, more Hispanics are now in Hollywood, in the Congress and much more; and also I can fit myself in this category even though I still have a long way to meet my professional goals. The United States is known for being a nation of immigrants; hence, the Hispanic groups are stereotype as illegal immigrants. However, the reality is that not every single Hispanic that immigrates to America is undocumented. Back in the history, Mexican territory was given to U.S. In addition, the treaty offered U.S. naturalization to Mexican citizens who remain in the border and U.S. residency for the ones who remain in south border of Mexico. I think that is one of the biggest reasons Americans think that all the undocumented people are Hispanic. Also the Mexican borders are considerate the busiest crossing for legal and illegal people that immigrate from everywhere. People from a lot of countries use them as an entrance to U.S. because it seems easy to cross to the other side and be in U.S. Also the fact that one country is next to the other divided just by a long, tall fence. However, not all undocumented immigrants are Mexican. Unfortunately, stereotypes are just assumptions made by people to classify others base on skin color, clothing, language and physical appearance. Hispanics seem to become more prevalent group in the U.S; there fore, many people still considered Hispanic as uneducated, welfare recipients and low wedge jobs, big families, just Spanish speakers, and illegal immigrants until these days. However, Hispanic people are deeply rooted in traditions; even though, they have changed their country living is hard to change their heritage because is very special to us or sometimes we just carry it naturally. Work Cited â€Å"Hispanic American.† The Crystal Reference Encyclopedia. West Chiltington: Crystal Semantics, 2005. Credo Reference. Wed. 23 Oct. 2013 â€Å"Hispanic Origin.† U.S. Census 2000 State & County Statistical Quick Facts. Washington: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000. Credo Reference. Wed. 22 Oct. 2013

Faculty Member Participation in Decision-making of Universities Essay

Decisions encapsulate and encompass the people and system that make up any institution or organization. The decisions and those making them reflect one another to give an accurate and precise notion of how they want to be perceived generally. In this effect, those that are not accounted for in the decision making process are not reflected in the notion of perception by society. Therefore, I am proposing that the faculty member must be given ample respect and opportunity in the decisions of the university. This proposal shall thus center its attention at the teaching staff members of University of Nottingham in Australia and king Saud University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The main issue that is a stake here is the value and importance of including the decisions of a member of a teaching staff in the overall decisions in the university. The underlying implication here is to ask whether or not the decision of a faculty staff member will be beneficial or detrimental to the university. Moreover, pragmatically speaking, the decision process of any university must take into consideration the ideas and contributions of every staff and school official due to the fact that each of them knows what is happening in the university from their own point of view and at the same time, they will also be affected by the decisions they make. The decision that does not include other related aspects that can be attributed to it such as those that a faculty staff member can bring in making decisions will not be as encompassing as it should be. It is therefore a privilege to make this study and be able to promulgate this stand of revolutionizing the decision making process in the university so that it may truly encapsulate the very nature and purpose of what it really means to make the decisions. And at the same time, this research will draw the spotlight to where darkness has already made its niche; the unheard voices of the teaching staff members. Relevant Theories and Literature People say that making decisions is like speaking prose because they do it all the time knowingly and unknowingly. It is thus hardly surprising that the topic of decision making involves many disciplines, from mathematics to statistics, through economics and political science, to sociology and psychology (Kahneman and Tversky, 2000). Still, there are even some who liken and compare the nature of decision making to that of the game of chess analyzing the complex and multiple implications that it entails (Katsenelinboigen, 1997). While on the other hand, there are those who rely on statistical and mathematical facts administering decision theory (Berger, 1980). The responsibility of decision making and taking decisions are considered the essence of the administrative process as emphasized by Simon (AL Masri, 1989) since it forms an important part of the positions needed by humanitarian institutions including higher educational institutions. Academic sections in university faculties of different specialties are considered a means for satisfying universities basic objectives as 80% of administrative decisions are taken at the level of departments (Athuhaibti, 1981). The academic department, as seen by Anderson, is the academic unit that involves specialists in research, teaching and other academic aspects. Decision making in the administrative sphere consists of three basic pillars. The first one is about the availability of a human person in a position that has its special circumstances. Secondly, it also important to think in those circumstances to find an outlet to them. And lastly, it is vital to think right to be able to ensure an effective outlet or a suitable alternative. In another aspect, if this is seen from a statistical perspective, the decision making aspect of every problem can actually be formalized through an explicit specification covering the available decisions, the items of cost and gain involved in making the decisions and the relevant probability distributions (De Groot, 2004). Therefore, it is of great importance and of considerable value that a teaching staff member in a university’s department to be given the amount of respect in sharing the responsibilities in making the important decisions with regard to the university whether it is in a large scale level or in a small scale level. Such a person must be heard and be given significant attention for the very reason that the person who can make the best, most practical and most meaningful decisions are the very persons who are affected by the issues at hand and also the very persons for whom the decision will be made in the first place. How can anyone make a concrete and feasible decision if the very person making the decision does not even fully understand and feel the root and effects of the very decision itself? Moreover, it must be absolutely imperative that superiors deal with their subordinates under the bases of psycho humanitarian manners. What is essential to comprehend here is the fact that every person must be treated as a human being and not just a mere willing tool carrying out tasks. People must never be treated as a mere object disregarding their moral feelings and existence who are just as affected by the environment and the natural surroundings like everyone else regardless of their race, gender, color, ethnicity, educational attainment, and nationality. As a result, leadership should pay attention to the needs of their subordinates in a serious way. Thus, another essential thing is the value of loyalty. Loyalty here is not lopsided where in one side shall receive all the benefits while the other lifts the burdens of responsibility. The subordinates must be loyal to their leaders, and in the same way, the leaders must be loyal and even responsible for their subordinates. At the end of the day, both sides must work as one and realize that loyalty and responsibility does not only come through carrying out decisions, but more importantly, it is about the successful dialogue and participation in decision making by all. The subject matter of this study shall delve into the necessity and the relevancy of the involvement of the teaching staff members in the decision making process in the administrative arena qualifying and valuing their decision making contributions and capabilities not only for the betterment of the university but for the growth and development of the teaching staff members as well. This will then give credence and moral boosting performance and efficiency to their respective academic fields. This will further create more new and viable ideas that are usually unnoticed and ignored due to the massiveness of certain issues that are encountered in the decision making process. In addition, this will greatly lessen the burden of responsibility and the pressure of infallibility carried by the higher officials. Some institutions and organizations find the decision making process to be so relatively important that computer-based decision support systems have been invented to assist decision makers in considering the implications of various courses of thinking and help reduce risk in human errors (Flyvbjerg, 2006) Study Methodology This research shall depend in studying the subject and issues at hand through an analytical descriptive method. The research method will follow any deduction that takes this phenomenon from psychological and educational aspects as it is in present time for the purpose of diagnosing, revealing and identifying the relationships among its components or among educational, psychological or social aspects (Al-Ghanem, 1988). The focal point in this research method is seeing the interconnectedness and most importantly, the interdependence of every aspect and relationship that the faculty staff member has with the university. Empirical Work With regard to the empirical data that needs to be collected for this research, the primary source to look with respect to this proposal is the system of the university itself. This comprises of knowing who makes the decisions and how these people make them. The university structural hierarchy will give an ample specification of the decision making process in the university. Moreover, the opinions of the faculty staff members and school officials in relation to the decision making process will be a good foundation for this research. It is also of considerable value in tackling this issue by understanding the location and type of universities that will be assesses as well as the country or culture of the faculty staff members and school officials who will be involved. This research will concentrate on two universities as mentioned. The advantage of this is that the research will have a vast and diverse analysis on the matter and will not be limited by the boundaries that are set by the geographical location. The disadvantage of this research might be seen in the inconsistency in any information gathered. This may arise because of location of the universities and also the willingness of people to give truthful and relevant information. It is expected that this research may cause hesitancy to certain people due to the delicate issue it is asserting. Study Importance The importance of this study arises from the fact that it is going to: 1. Highlight the necessity of opening new horizons to a teaching staff member concerning the optimal method of participating in decision making so as to be an active member in promoting administrative work, which in turn also serves as an academic work done by the member himself. 2. Help the teaching staff member in employing and enhancing his various abilities and techniques in fields widening their knowledge aside from teaching, i. e. getting him outside the closed circle of academic work as well. 3. This study will transform and alter the terms of knowing the participation of a teaching staff member in decision making in University of Nottingham and King Saud University. 4. Add new information and recommendations that help and benefit in increasing the effective participation of a teaching staff member in decision making in those two universities. Study Objectives This study aims to identify teaching staff members’ points of view or perception regarding their participation in making decisions in University of Nottingham and King Saud University and in a way that is more defined; this current study aims at the following: 1. Identifying the extent of teaching staff members’ participation or contribution in university decision making in University of Nottingham and King Saud University. 2. Knowing the extent of difference in the points of view of the subjects of the study sample concerning participation in decision making with the difference of study variables. 3. Identifying the degree of importance of teaching staff member in university decision making by perceiving it through three dimensional studies: the academic dimension, the administrative dimension and the financial dimension. 4. Diagnose the obstacles that can lead a teaching staff member not to participate in making university decisions. Let it therefore be stated that this study tries to state out the motives and value of the teaching staff members in participating in decision making process at the level of the University of Nottingham in Australia and king Saud University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as well as the factors that hamper or hinder their participation in an effective and beneficial way. Study Questions: The researcher will discuss his study questions with respect to the objectives mentioned above, therefore, the study will revolve around the following four questions: Question (1) How far or to what extent can a teaching staff member of the University of Nottingham participate in the university’s decision making process from the point of view of the study sample individuals? Question (2) How far or to what extent can a teaching staff member of the King Saud University participate in the university’s decision making process from the point of view of the study sample individuals? Question (3) Are there any statistical differences among the points on view of the study sample subjects concerning the participation extent in university decision making in accordance with demographic variables (gender, nationality, academic degree and experience)? Question (4) Does the degree of extent of a teaching staff member’s participation in university decision making differs towards the three dimensional study: â€Å"the academic dimension, the administrative dimension and the financial dimension† with the demographic variables: â€Å"gender, nationality and the difference in job (administrative and non administrative)? Question (5) What are the obstacles or hindrances that lead the teaching staff member from refraining or from being prevented to participate in university decision making from the points of view of study sample individuals? Conclusion I am therefore optimistic that this research can revolutionize or change the traditional way of how faculty staff members, school officials and universities think and interact in their own school communities. This research can further foster dialogue with regard to the conflicts that may arise between faculty staff members and school officials. This research can also bring about beneficial and better improvements to the university as a whole through having a comprehensive decision making process. This research makes an original contribution in the issue at hand because of the diversity in the information and subjects that are discussed which are not limited to only one culture, system or location thereby filling the gaps of other related researches that have narrowly focused in a limited subject and area. Finally, this research can expand to improving educational systems as a whole and also foster a developmental analysis on faculty staff member or school officials as indivudals. References: 1. Al-Masri, Ahmad Mohammad. (1989) Communications, Decisions and their Effectiveness in Administration, Dubai, Dar Al-Kalam. 2. Berger, James O. (1980) Statistical Decision Theory and Bayesian Analysis. 2nd ed. Springer Series in Statistics. 3. Best John, translated by Abdullaziz Ghanem Al-Ghanem and revised by Adel Izziddin Al-Ashwal. (1988) Educational Research Methods. Al-Kuwait Institution for Scientific Development, The Directorate of writing, translation and publishing, Al-Kuwait. 4. De Groot, Morris. (2004) Optimal Statistical Decisions. Wiley Classics Library. 5. Flyvbjerg, Bent. (2006) From Nobel Prize to Project Management: Getting Risks Right. Project Management Journal, vol. 37, no. 3, August 2006, pp. 5-15. 6. Kahneman, Daniel and Tversky, Amos. (2000) Choice, Values, Frames. The Cambridge University Press. 7. Katsenelinboigen, Aron. (1997) The Concept of Indeterminism and Its Applications: Economics, Social Systems, Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, and Aesthetics Praeger: Westport, Connecticut.

Effective Working Knowledge of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (Hipaa) Essay

In case of a late entry (addendum) in one, shadow chart or independent database, that is used to add information to a previous entry must have the title addendum, date, time, the reasons of creating the addendum referring back to the original entry (Legal Medical Records Standards). Information technology staff can help decrease incidents of security breaches by implementing screen protectors in all computers, by providing logging accreditation to all personnel, by using network security software and hardware, by monitoring the safety of the network and by educating, reporting and enforcing any HIPAA violation. In case of disclosure of unauthorized protected medical information such as providing a copy of medical records to a friend of a patient without written authorization from the patient may result in fines and imprisonment to the institution and individuals involved in such HIPAA violation. HIPAA defines as criminal the use or disclosure (by individuals or institutions) of confidential medical information of a patient for any other purposes than treatment, payment, or health care operations. Such violations carry fines and/or imprisonment (Privacy, Security, and Confidentiality). According to the Montana Code 41-1-402 the healthcare provider can obtain a legal consent for prevention, diagnosis or treatment from a minor (without adult supervision) if the minor is graduated from high school, have a child, lives alone and supports him (her) self, is pregnant, infected with a infectious disease, is under the influence of alcohol or drugs. In the case of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases or substance abuse the healthcare provider is obligated to provide counseling to the minor or refer the minor for counseling. Finally, in case of emergency the health provider can provide emergency care without consent and must inform the parents or legal guardians as soon as possible. One situation from Montana Code 50-16-603x which may result in a legal claim against the organization can be if the health care provider fails to report any communicable disease (such as tuberculosis) to the proper authorities; resulting in a potential health risk to the population and penalties to the organization and health care provider which committed such HIPAA violation. In the case of a minor unable to consent or make decisions (due to a mental condition or conscious state) and the absence of parents or legal guardians, two medical doctor must make all medical decisions on his behalf including cardio pulmonary resuscitation and termination of life support. Montana codes are in agreement with HIPAA laws in the following clauses regarding release of personal health information (PHI). According to HIPAA’s Privacy Rule the individual has the right to inspect and request a copy of his PHI upon a writing authorization. Under HIPAA law the healthcare provider can share PHI information with public health authorities for public health purposes such as prevention, statistics, research and education. Under HIPAA law the health care provider may share PHI to business associates for treatment, payment and healthcare operations (HIPAA Privacy Rule and Public Health). 2. (c) A health care provider may deny access to health care information by a patient mentally impaired by disease, medications, drugs or alcohol used at the moment of the request References Legal Medical Records Standards, Annotated 2008. Retrieved from www. ucop. edu/ucophome/coordrev/†¦ /legal-medical-record-policy. p†¦ Montana Code, Annotated 2009. Retrieved from http://data. opi. mt. gov/bills/MCA_toc/index. htm Privacy, Security, and Confidentiality. Retrieved from http://www. ahima. org/resources/psc. aspx HIPAA Privacy Rule and Public Health â€Å"Guidance from CDC and the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services â€Å"Annotated 2003. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/m2e411a1. htm

P.O.S essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

P.O.S 2 - Essay Example Benefits of the POS System The POS system being online will ensure that all across the Wal-Mat store there will be real and up dated POS solutions. In addition, since the POS system is custom made it will be custom made and thus compatible with most of the programs and hardware, which are to be installed. Furthermore, it will ensure that there is less inventory shrinkage. This is because through POS system it will be easier to keep track of obsolete and damaged inventories. Because of the effectiveness with which customers are served, it will ensure and lead to more customer service efficiency, customer satisfaction and customer retention and loyalty. It will facilitate timely and accurate reports as well as fast and effective analysis of sales date which is paramount to management information for decision-making process. In addition, the online POS software package will offer the advantage of management through remote access i.e. while in different store and while on leave. Moreover , having installed POS system Wal-Mat can easily expand in case of increased customers. This is because it only needs to mount new computers and other relevant hardware to create a new service station. The other minor benefits that Wal-Mat will get by setting up the POS will be prevention of theft, accuracy, and effective inventory management. ... Furthermore, with the retail POS system Wal-Mat will experience potential security risks with regard to software corruption by viruses, credit cards, and debit cards. Moreover, considering that the POS system is custom made, with the software applications used there will be need for regular updates to the system that may be done at an extra cost. POS Contingency Measures Since running of the POS system will be dependent on the electricity for smooth running, implies that in case of power outages the business will stop. These business standstill means loss of revenue, dissatisfaction of customers and under utilization of resources. Wal-Mat to combat electricity failures has bought and installed a diesel driven generator with the capacity to run the POS system for more than 12 hours. In addition, UPS s- uninterruptible power supply - have been fitted on every computer. This is to ensure smooth transition and business continuation while switching to the generator. Wal-mat has also set u p another back-up server computer in another independent location that store up real-time transactions happening in the main business stalls. This is meant to militate against any outages of the POS system in case of fire breakout in the main business area. In addition, after every 1 hr of the normal business hours, it is a requirement that there be a print out of sales receipts for every one hour. This is to ensure that in case of failure of the two back-up servers there can be hardcopy back up to mitigate it. Weakness and Recommendations to POS System Due to the continued high customer satisfaction, there has been an influx of new clients to our business, which has resulted to slower than normal

ABSOLUT Vodka Brand Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ABSOLUT Vodka Brand - Case Study Example Since its entry into the US market, Absolut Vodka became a global brand icon, which draws international recognition across the globe (Mooney and Dool 2010, p.1). The Absolut Company produces Absolut Vodka in Ahus, Skane in southern Sweden (Mooney and Dool 2010, p.2). By 2005, Absolut Vodka was synonymous in the global market where it deals with premium vodka as the third largest spirits brand across the globe. The spirits that Absolut Vodka sells includes all distilled alcohol beverages (Mooney and Dool 2010, p.2). Over the years, the company recorded immense success in its line of business where it is now the world’s number one premium vodka brand. Absolut Vodka Product Category Ideally, product category defines the mode of organizing products in the store by the type of products on sale. Indeed, customers of Absolut Vodka find the products that they want to buy through the company’s product categories. Most specifically, Absolut Vodka product category includes flavore d vodka products, which are vodkas infused with flavors like Vanilla, lemon, different types of berries or pepper (Mooney and Dool 2010, p.4). It also includes unflavored vodka and spirits, which includes all distilled alcohol beverages (Mooney and Dool 2010, p.2).... ompany, which manufactures the Absolut Vodka brands, has been selling its products to the distributor through Future Brands since ABSOLUT brand separated from Seagram and became ABSOLUT Spirits Company (ASCI) in the U.S (Mooney and Dool 2010, p. 7). Future Brands is an association between ASCI and Beam Global, which is a larger spirits manufacturer (Mooney and Dool 2010, p. 7). Moreover, Absolut Vodka sells durable products, which include premium vodka, and all distilled alcohol beverages. Water and winter wheat produces Absolut premium Vodka through a continuous distillation process that guarantees a durable and high quality product (Mooney and Dool 2010, p. 8). Absolut Vodka Product Stage There are four stages in a product life cycle, which include the introduction stage, growth stage, maturity stage, and decline stage where each stage has distinct characteristics. Notably, Absolut Vodka is in the maturity stage where there is saturation in the distribution of premium vodka brand i n the U.S market. Indeed, various distribution channels exist in the market where premium vodka brand enjoys market acceptance and the growth of Absolut Vodka is on a decline. Indeed, after 2004, the market share of Absolut premium vodka fell after 2004 despite its international recognition Mooney and Dool 2010, p. 9). This is because of the introduction of many vodka brands in the US market. In fact, despite its success, Absolut premium vodka is experiencing significant pressure from significant vodka brands like Grey Goose, Smirnoff, Ketel One, and Belvedere which overcrowd the market since 2006 (Mooney and Dool 2010, p. 1-4). Because of the competition pressure, Absolut Vodka has been trying to regain its market position since 2006 by launching a massive advertising campaign to woo young

EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOMESTIC LAW AND THE EUROPEAN Essay

EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOMESTIC LAW AND THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 1950 WITH RESPECT TO THE PROTECTION OF - Essay Example The European Convention of human rights is a body in Europe that has the responsibility of ensuring the defence of individual privileges, the same responsibility exercised by the domestic law. The Convention is an international body that looks at the rights and freedoms of citizens in Europe. Its formation was aimed at ensuring that violation of human rights was a punishable offense, this is evident in the domestic law meaning that the two set of laws perform the same function. It aims at ensuring that there is no violation of human rights by the states or any other party (Barnett 50). The court handles such cases with guidance from articles under the convention for human rights in Europe. It ensures that people or states can take cases to courts regarding violation of human rights against another state. This makes the body an international body that protects individuals with a high degree.12 The European convention of human rights is a law making body that seeks to certify that indi vidual constitutional rights are not dishonoured by any person or body regardless of their position in the society. It ensures that courts handle cases regarding human rights properly without being bias. The domestic law relates closely with the European convention for human rights because the two aim at ensuring adherence to laws regarding human rights (Bates 477). The domestic law regards all laws regarding human rights that a state or non-governmental organization may violate and how such cases should be handled in the court. There is a notable relationship between domestic law and the European convention of human rights. This is because the European convention aims at protection laws including the domestic law. This is evident by some of the articles in the convention and sections of the human rights. Some of the articles that relate with the domestic law include article 1, 13, 34 and 35. This paper also analyzes the relation using some section of the human rights like section 2 , 3, 4, 6 and 8. In the case of Keenan v United Kingdom, the applicant was complaining about his son’s sentence. In this case, the applicant used article 2 and 3 as the basis of the case. The court only found out that article 3 was breached and not article 2 of the convention. Article 1 of the European convention regards respecting rights in regards to all the other articles. It works within its jurisdiction unless under certain situations where it does not confine itself to the jurisdiction. In the case of Loizidou v Turkey, the court made a ruling that its jurisdiction extends to foreign states with similar control. This was made possible by military action in the state (Aria-Takahashi 240). Article 13 of the convention involves effective remedy. The convention applies the article before any national authority that violates human rights that it protects. It is a free infringement under the convention to get a remedy in case of violation of a human right. Obtaining such a re medy involving human rights can only be through the court. The case of Pretty v United Kingdom is another example of a case that an applicant basis on article 2 and 3. However, the court ruled that nobody has the right under articles of the convention to take his life or another person’s life. Article 34 regards individual applications which state that no high party has the ability to prevent the court from