The Physics Of The Solar Flare - 1757 Words

The solar flare came at a very inopportune time, yet not unexpected considering the sun is currently at the peak of its 11 year sunspot cycle [11]. Somehow the station maintained all power and communications with the U.S., but the X-ray and radio waves from the flare impacted communications with Moscow, where their asteroid detection telescopes are located [11]. This is likely because the ionosphere above Moscow was affected the most by the flare’s x-rays, thereby disturbing its radio communications [11]. It is very hard to prepare for a solar flare though, considering it only takes around 8 minutes for the high energy photons to reach earth, which is why John was not surprised to have been caught unaware [11]. If it had happened at any other time, John wouldn’t have been too worried because the Planetary Defense Coordination Office branch of NASA is able to detect any imminent threats with at least a week or two advanced warning. This is plenty of warning for the high powered laser that obliterates smaller asteroids and alters the course of larger ones; however, the circumstances are different in this case. Just two days prior, John had received a transmission from the Russian base in Moscow that they had detected an incoming asteroid posed to strike Earth, but as they were about to transfer the coordinates of the asteroid to John, the solar flare’s radiation struck the Earth’s ionosphere and cut off the communication with Moscow. This asteroid was what people in John’sShow MoreRelatedAstronomy : The Field Of Study961 Words   |  4 Pageswhat in the solar system, galaxy, and universe (2) †¢ They study the evolution of planets and stars to more understand how our solar system works (2) †¢ Astronomers study physics at work throughout space (2) †¢ Astronomers study other stars and try to see what types of planets are around them (2) †¢ Solar astronomers study our sun to find cycles, holes, and other things that can help us understand the sun (2) †¢ Astronomers figure out the distance between our solar system and other solar systems, betweenRead More The Sun and Its Features Essay967 Words   |  4 Pagessun: sunspots, solar flares, and aurora borealis. At the beginning of the cycle, the magnetic field is weak and there are very few sunspots; later, at the peak of the cycle, the magnetic field is strong, and there are many sunspots. Sunspots are relatively cool areas that appear as dark patches on the face of the sun. They occur where magnetic field lines are twisted below the surface. The period of time when the magnetic field is strong and there are many sunspots is called a solar maximum. The sunRead MoreThe Effect Of Solar Flares On Our Future Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesevent that occurs within our solar system is the solar flare. Scientists have spent much time studying this solar phenomenon attempting to learn how to predict them. This in turn has caused a significant increase in understanding the anatomy of solar flares to include the phases of flares and what they emit. Bringing things closer to Earth, the emissions of solar flares can have a significant impact in today’s technological world. By far, the largest impact of solar flares to our technology is radioRead MoreEssay On Parker Space Challenger990 Words   |  4 Pagesseven flybys around Venus, this probe will achieve a speed of about 200 km/s and a distance of 8.5 solar radius from the surface.[1] The main objective of the mission is to expand our understanding of solar corona and solar winds which directly influences the space weather surrounding the Earth. This space weather affects the life and society on Earth and so it is important to understand these solar winds. HISTORY: The Sun has been a measure source of knowledge since the past century. Being the nearestRead MoreThe Science Of The Earth Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagesapproaches in the science of the planet Earth. This discipline can cope with lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere or hydrosphere. Quantitative understanding has been developed by the scientists to understand the ground systems with the tools by mathematics, physics, chronology, biology, chemistry alike that help to know how the universe is evolved. Deliberations According to a news release from NASA, coronal mass ejections caused by geomagnetic storms have been enhanced in strength; as from G1 to G5, theyRead MoreSolar Flares and Its Contribution to Global Warming3299 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Abstract This paper talks about the solar flares and how they go on to cause global warming. Global warming has been an ongoing phenomenon and there are many reasons it has occurred. Apart from the green house effect, global warming could have been due to the solar flares that have occurred. Different researches and theories regarding this matter are discussed in the paper. Solar Flare Global warming is a phenomenon that has amazed and frightened everyone ever since it came into being. The consequencesRead MoreEssay On Physics Of Complex Systems722 Words   |  3 Pagesand fascinating research areas in physics nowadays is the physics of complex systems, or the theory of complexity. There is not a single and straightforward meaning associated with this buzzword due to its vagueness and polysemy, and very often it depends on the context and the authors. Nevertheless, one of the interesting points are the tools and methods that the theory provides that can be eventually applied to many different disciplines, ranging from physics, chemistry, biology, applied sciencesRead MorePersonal Experience: What I Know and What I Want to Learn About Space1124 Words   |  4 Pagesmy topic and one academic journal. The first article I read was very helpful. It had plenty of information on how the features of the sun affect Earth’s atmosphere and power grids. That article also explained what the sun cycle is and what solar minimums and solar maximums are. I read the second article that I found under the same keywords. This article was not as helpful as the first article I had read. It was about how scientists were sending out a spacecraft to take pictures of the sun to betterRead MoreEssay on The Great Debate on Global Warming1502 Words   |  7 Pagesgreenhouse effect has many natural causes. Others agree that the cause of the Earth’s increase in temperature is just part of a continuous cycle. These researchers argue that solar activity plays a huge role in the issue of global warming. Therefore, based upon the myth of the greenhouse effect, cyclical patterns, and research on solar activity, global warming is not a man-made dilemma. When greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, similar to the way greenhouse panes trap heat, it is called theRead MoreThe Feasibility of Prolonged Space Travel1363 Words   |  5 Pagesearth’s magnetic field [9]. In a typical spacecraft astronauts can be protected from the radiation caused by solar flares with shields [5]. However, there are other forms of cosmic radiation that cannot be as easily blocked which are caused by particles which are highly charged and high in mass, known as HZE particles [9]. These particles are unlike the hydrogen protons produced in solar flares due to their high energy and can damage the spacecraft and can also harm the astronauts inside, especially

Argumentative Essay - Smoking - 806 Words

Should cigarettes smoking be prohibited in pubs ? Michal Ã… ½Ãƒ ¡Ã„ ik Writing V. Rob Lee Argumentative Essay 6. 2. 2011 Unhealthy environment, smoke screens and empty wallets are a few problems someone might have when he enters a pub. On the one hand, it ´s required to have at least one non-smoking area in every pub, but on the other hand it ´s usually a small part of it. It could be a big problem for non-smokers, because they are bigger in number than seats for them. A good hopefulness for non-smokers is that smoking in pubs has been already prohibited in some developed countries. Currently, there are many reasons to ban smoking in pubs and one example is that non-smokers shouldn ´t risk their health unnecessarily. Every human, who is†¦show more content†¦It ´s a European Union action to curb smoking, but a result of this measure is not clear. There is still a high number of smokers. Prices aren ´t a good way to protect non-smokers because smokers will always find money for their habit. So a question is if prohibition of smoking in pubs can decrease the number of smokers. Maybe yes , maybe no, but it ´s totally clear that non-smokers will be protected from breathing smoke and destroying their health. There are tough anti-smoking laws in a whole in east of Europe, but people have accustomed by that. We live in a modern world so we should be aware of dangers of smoking and pay attention to non-smokers too. There are still many people, who think that smoking in pubs shouldn ´t be prohibited. They have an opinion that they should have a right to smoke at places where non-smokers are not forced to be. While this argument may be true, people should respect each other. We are all humans and we should learn how to be tolerant. It can ´t be very hard for smokers to stand up and go out of a pub and light a cigarette there. It ´s about people ´s mind, they should realize that they don ´t endanger only their health, but also everyone who is around them. As is known, smoking is the biggest killer of mankind. Unfortunately, there are still many people, who don ´t realize it. Finally, smokers are destroying their health by visiting smoky pubs.Show MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay Smoking845 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is a silent killer. Smoking is the process of breathing in smoke from burning cigarette, tobacco and weed into the lungs, blood stream, and brain. Smoking does many dangerous things to the body of both smokers and nonsmokers that people are not aware of due to lack of education and social influence. Nonsmoker are affected just by inhaling the air filled with smoke from smoker. So even if I don’t smoke but have people around me that smoke can impact my health negatively. Generations unbornRead MoreArgumentative Essay on Cigarette Smoking1812 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Cigarette smoking in the Philippines should be banned because it poses a great threat to the health of the family members† Argumentative essay I. Introduction A. It has been an increasing concern about the effects of smoking in the family. B. Cigarette smoking not only affects the smoker but also the others around the smoker. II. Body (Discuss the issue) A. Smoking is mostly caused by sociocultural factors. * They smoke to gain adult status. * They smoke to conformRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Smoking Marijuana1001 Words   |  5 PagesA couple of weeks ago my aunt and I had a discussion. The discussion was about a tv character smoking marijuana, and I went on talking about the benefits and how it is a natural plant and not a natural plant mixed with many other things. There have been a very few negative issues with marijuana versus cigarettes which has been linked to deaths, illness, and addiction just to name a few things. It seems like marijuana would be the cure to the cancer and a few other illnesses that cigarettes can causeRead MoreArgumentative Essay About Why Smoking Should Be Banned1047 Words   |  5 PagesBan Smoking in Public Places Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States, and doing it in public is even worse because smokers not only harm themselves, but also those around them. I remember how my great uncle would always smoke in his house regardless of his surroundings. When his daughter visited him for a vacation, she brought her three year old daughter with her. The baby was healthy before coming to her grandpas house, but in less than two weeks, sheRead MoreShould Companies Refuse Smokers Hire?871 Words   |  4 Pagessmokers hire? The argumentative essay topic is â€Å"Should companies have the right to refuse to hire smokers† which is about social argumentative essay topics. There were smoking bans in bars and restaurants to create some backlash in the last decade, while now the policies about some hospitals and businesses refuse smokers hire that appeal to a new ethical issue. Therefore, people are arguing it—should companies refuse smokers hire? Additionally, the author of the argumentative essay disagrees the policiesRead MoreShould Companies Want Smokers Hire Smokers?931 Words   |  4 PagesThe argumentative essay topic is â€Å"Should companies have the right to refuse to hire smokers† which is about social argumentative essay topics. There were smoking bans in bars and restaurants to create some backlash in the last decade, while now the policies about some hospitals and businesses refuse smokers hire that appeal to a new ethical issue. Therefore, people are arguing it—sho uld companies refuse smokers hire? Additionally, the author of the argumentative essay disagrees the policies whatRead MoreThe Writing A Research Paper923 Words   |  4 Pagesthings through her research and writing. This handout will include the following sections related to the process of writing a research paper: Genre- This section will provide an overview for understanding the difference between an analytical and argumentative research paper. Choosing a Topic- This section will guide the student through the process of choosing topics, whether the topic be one that is assigned or one that the student chooses himself. Identifying an Audience- This section will help theRead MoreEssay Smoking Tobacco Smoking811 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco Smoking among the Students of Puntod National High School: A Basis for Preventative Measure To Deter Student from Smoking ï » ¿CHAPTER 1 The Problem Introduction The use of tobacco is not a recent phenomenon. It has been said that tobacco plants have grown in North and South America since 6,000 B.C.1. It was also believed that tobacco had many healing qualities which made its use widespread2. In the 17th... Premium 14136 Words 57 Pages Smoking Tobacco smoking FromRead More Thank You for Smoking? Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦?† Peter Brimelow brings to light an interesting idea in his essay â€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦?† Brimelow’s purpose of his essay is to defend smoking. He provides the audience with information that is worthy of their consideration and valid enough to make them think twice about how they stand on the issue of smoking. Unfortunately, some flaws in Brimelow’s technique distract the audience from his message that smoking is not as unhealthy as it appears. A few mistakes transformRead MoreBanning The Advertising Of Tobacco Use906 Words   |  4 Pagesn this essay, I will discuss the positives and negatives related to countries banning the advertising of tobacco use, the complexities of the argument, finished with my own perspective. This is a highly argumentative debate that countries of the free world have argued for several decades. I’ll start by explaining the dangers of smoking tobacco. According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC) in the United States of America, tobacco use contributes cancers of and not limited to:

Negative Side Effects of a Low-Carb Diet free essay sample

Diet Low-carb diets can be a healthy and efficient weight-loss program, but they can be risky, as carbohydrates are the only sources of energy for your crucial body organs such as the brain, central nervous system and the kidneys. According to the Mayo Clinic, low-carb diets increase the levels of blood sugar and make your body use its fat stores. However, low-cab diets have some negative side effects associated with them. General Body Weakness When you make a transition from a crab-dependent diet to a low-carb diet, your body needs to adjust to the changes, according to Becky Hand, a licensed and registered dietitian. Low-carb diets cause lack of energy in your body because carbohydrates play a role in the burning of fats, which produce energy. Lack of energy in your body can cause dizziness, nausea, headaches and fatigue. Bad Breath Low-carb diets lead to incomplete burning of fats to produce energy in your body, and in the process, ketones are produced, says Anssi H Manninen, an exercise physiologist specializing in sports nutrition and ergogenic aids. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Side Effects of a Low-Carb Diet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Excess ketones in your body come out through your urine and saliva. This causes bad breath among people on low-carb diets. Though you cannot do much to stop bad breath, drinking water and chewing sugar-free gum can help you suppress bad breath, says Shannon Clark, a certified personal trainer and author of 8 Low-Carb Conundrums. Constipation Foods in low-carb diets such as beef have little fiber and cause reduction in body fiber, which can lead to constipation. However, constipation occurs due to lack of roughage in your body regardless your nutrition plan, says Clark. You can avoid constipation by including vegetables in your diet, since they have soluble fiber that slows the movement of food in the intestines to ensure complete digestion of food. Dehydration Low-carb diets burn glycogen stores in your body, which have water. Excretion of ketones through your urine causes frequent urination. This loss of water leads to dehydration when you are on a low-carb diet. Dehydration leads to headaches and fatigue. Take a lot of water to replenish the lost water as a remedy to dehydration caused by low-carb diet, reports the Mayo Clinic. Muscle Cramps Diets low in carbohydrates has an effect on your muscles. This is caused by the dehydration due to your low-carb diet and lack of vitamins that are important for the well-being of your muscles. Muscle cramps reduce your fitness and energy levels, says Doctor Arne Astrup. Consume fruits and vegetables with essential vitamins as a remedy for muscle cramps. Key Concepts * Low-carb diet * Effects of low-carb * Lack of carbohydrates References * US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health: Metabolic Effects of the Very-Low-Carbohydrate Diets: Misunderstood Villains of Human Metabolism [ http://www. cbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/18500949 ] * The Mayo Clinic: Low Carb Diets [ http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/low-carb-diet/NU00279 ] * CBSNews. com: Low-Carb Side Effects Cited [ http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2004/09/02/health/main640566. shtml ] * Bodybuilding. com: 8 Low-Carb Conundrums [ http://www. bodybuilding. com/fun/8-low-carb-conundrums. html ] * SparkPeople: The Tr uth About Carbohydrates [ http://www. sparkpeople. com/resource/nutrition_articles. asp? id=590 ] * The Mayo Clinic: Glycemic Index Diet; Whats Behind the Claims [ http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/glycemic-index-diet/MY00770 ]

Say You Love Me free essay sample

In â€Å"Say You Love Me† Molly Peacock replays a particular incident from her childhood in her point of view with diction and simile to create imagery. She speaks about a time, when her father was intoxicated and when he abused her. The father violently asked her whether she loved him or not. Her younger sister was home, but she could not help because she feared his strength and demeanor. Although, the three family members were at home, a feeling of loneliness struck them all. Peacock tries to convey this frightening scenario to acknowledge that children and women are vulnerable to a man’s strength. Also, she reveals how the people who are being abused may feel in this type of situation. Her audience includes children and women who experience the same abusive relationship. Also, this poem is written for abusers. It forces them to recognize their own missteps and mistakes. People who know friends, family members, or coworkers that are in abusive relationships can relate as well. Her childhood incident teaches everyone else to understand the situation and to help prevent domestic violence. Through her diction, she uses words like â€Å"sob† (7), â€Å"hissed† (12), â€Å"rage† (14), and â€Å"screamed† (30, 37) to describe the hysterical moment that she was in with her father to elevate the reader’s pathos. The word â€Å"sob† in this poem is used when the father is begged Peacock to voice that she loved him. It describes the desperation and sadness that the father is feeling; he is feeling unloved and lonely. The sister â€Å"hissed† like a snake warning her that there would be danger, if she didn’t tell their father what he wanted to hear. The hiss indicated a sign of disapproval towards the father’s behavior and the sister acceptances of their father’s demands. However, for their safety, the sister told her to give in. The word â€Å"rage† in this poem expresses chao in the situation, but also the feeling for not having the power to control say no and being able to have a voice. The anger of her father and her own helplessness. The screams are natural reactions that people have when they are frighten or in danger. First, when her sister screamed because she saw the father’s eye â€Å"blurred† and â€Å"taurean† (30). It was like he was bull, charging forward without knowing any consequences of what it harms. The sister realized and soon was horrified to know that the father would do anything to get what he desired. The second time, the sister screamed to help Peacock escape from the father and divert his attention to the phone. All her diction expressed negative connotation of fear, anger, and sadness. Amongst those words, similes are used to create imageries: â€Å"His face looked like a ham on a hook† (3) implies that his face was red because of the intoxication. At the butcher, the meats that are on the hook are usually raw. Also, when the ham was on a hook, it is hanging down. This shows the position that the father was in, he was towering over on Peacock and his frightening face was up-close to her’s. It draws a picture of a scary, almost demon-like red faced person looking down on a little children. â€Å"Arms like jaws pried open† (5-6) shows the strengths of this arms. His arms are made of metal, something so strong and unbreakable. He’s clenching on the chairs, hunching over her, but not touching her. Connecting with the prior imagery, now the demon-like person has metal arms that is prisoning the girl from running away. It is a prison of hell. â€Å" Hysteria as a wet baby thing† (18) is connected to the previous lines of the poem: â€Å"to peel, as of live layers of skin, age from age from him† (16-17). The lines reveals his inner feelings and needs: He’s like a baby, vulnerable and little inside. He’s acting like a baby whose cries without the thoughts of others; the alcohol freeing him of his adult facade. His face is filled with tears mimicking that of a baby. Although, he’s old, his skin is peeling off revealing this baby inside of him. He’s lost and doesn’t know what to do. All three imageries connect and reveal a man whose monstrous, scary, and hysterical, but inside, he’s feeling helpless and unloved. The irony of this poem, depicted by the diction and imageries, is the loneliness. The father, sister, and Peacock are home together. The poem also indicates that the mother will come home after work. The phone symbolizes the outside world in this poem, but for all of them, it will never ring. â€Å"The phone was not ringing† (43-44) was the line that the father spoke. It expresses the hope that there can be salvation for him and the family, but it did not happen. There’s â€Å"no world out there† (44), therefore no one can call and she cannot call anyone. Consumed by all their fears, the family encapsulated themselves in their own imaginary world. In reality, they are not physically alone nor are they isolated by the outside world. The father fears of being unloved uses alcohol to lose himself and escape of reality. Peacock and her sister are imprisoned to their own fears of their father and the hatred they feel. Everyone cannot see light, the help of the world outside of their fears, sadness, and hatred. They are â€Å"completely alone† (45) within their thoughts because they think no one can understand them or see their pain. Peacock paints a realistic and heart-wrecking, yet thought provoking picture of how lonely an abused person can feel. The sorrow of having no one to rely on and no one who cares for their well-being. This pain is inevitable no matter the age. These feelings of despair leads to a dark world that is frightening and difficult to escape. She shares the traumatic experiences in her childhood to gain recognition for those in need. Domestic violence is always relevant because it happens in every era. This story informs others of such violence and those in an abusive relationship that amidst the pain there is hope. To talk about one’s experience is a step towards living a life without domestic violence.

How to Apply Reflective Practice in Nursing Sample Essays

How to Apply Reflective Practice in Nursing Sample EssaysReflective practice in nursing sample essays is important to students who want to know how to apply reflective writing to nursing. It can be used for students who want to gain experience with reflective writing. It is also beneficial for students who do not feel confident enough to write a coherent essay on their own. In this brief article, I will describe some of the aspects that reflective practice in nursing sample essays should have.One of the first things that you need to know is to write your essay based on medical topics. Nursing is a field that deals with various health care issues and it should therefore make use of health-related topics. You need to be able to explain what is meant by health-related topics.There are many ways that you can present various health issues. You can talk about specific illnesses that are prevalent in a particular field or can talk about specific conditions that affect a specific group of pe ople. Discussing disease cases that affect different sections of a hospital should not be used to exemplify health related topics. Instead, discuss diseases that affect a particular section of a hospital or different sections of a hospital.Writing a good reflection on a health related topic should help in learning how to apply reflective practice in nursing. You should prepare yourself with the right information. You should know the names of diseases and the symptoms that accompany them. You should be able to draw a picture for yourself that would depict the condition of patients who are affected by a particular disease.You also need to know the meaning of the symbols that are usually used to emphasize certain points. For example, when discussing a common disease that affects children, the picture of the disease would make use of the letter A to represent the disease that has been caused by a vitamin deficiency. The letter F would be used to represent a fatal blood cancer.Proper use of the symbol can make the reading of the essay easier. This is an aspect that is important for students who want to learn how to apply reflective writing to nursing. They should have the knowledge of the correct use of these symbols.One of the basic elements that should be included in the essay is to have a clear discussion about the role of nurses in the different fields. The essay should also contain information about what exactly a nurse does. The information should be related to the way a nurse performs his or her duties.Reflective practice in nursing sample essays is something that can help you learn how to apply reflective writing to nursing. You should also prepare yourself with the right information so that the essay can be written well. A good essay should use the right information in order to make the readers understand what is meant by the essay.

Arming Pilots Essay Example

Arming Pilots Essay Protect Our People Please What do you do if someone is holding a gun in your face, and you have nothing to defend yourself with? Well that is the exact circumstance that we all have the chance of facing on a plane. Americans are expected to get on an airplane and feel safe and protected, but all that has happened on airplanes in the past ten years has left us fearful. We need to do something to make sure that we are safe on an airplane and that an American plane can never be hijacked again. We need to train and arm our pilots to ensure our safety on an airplane. Airplanes are massive and very complex pieces of machinery, and they help us get to places more efficiently and cheaper than traditional ways. Although we have seen that if airplanes are not handled properly in the sky, it will have detrimental effects on human lives on a massive scale. Hijacking or terrorism is one of the major causes of planes being made into death machines. Americans safety aboard airplanes should be of the upmost importance. There are numerous acts of terrorism that has occurred on commercial airlines, and there needs to be a stop to that. Although most terrorist attacks where a result of people wanting money or something to change in their country, but on September 11th 2001 the only goal that the terrorists had was to murder as many people as they could. Thousands of human lives were lost in the World Trade Center and Pentagon, millions of dollars, too. At any cost, we must never allow the high-jacking of September 11 to be repeated. This tragedy has made airline security the number one issue. Numerous measures such as baggage checks, identity checks, the presence of Sky Marshals on board and so on were proposed by airline companies, pilots, and security experts. We will write a custom essay sample on Arming Pilots specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Arming Pilots specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Arming Pilots specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many of these measures are being implemented. But what if a terrorist gets by the security checks points, it is not like it has not happened before. One thing that did happen after the September 11th attack was that (West,1) â€Å"Congress did authorize the Department of Transportation to consider arming pilots†¦pilots unions have endorsed keeping weapons in cockpits, and the public has signified approval. Nearly two-thirds of those whom we trust to operate huge jets safely are former military aviators with firearms training, and skills-testing would not be a problem. Before September 11 many people had never had any fear of terrorism assuming that â€Å"something like that can only happen in a movie†. These days, most people would think twice before boarding a plane. In my opinion arming pilots would increase people’s confidence in airline security if they carried a gun and not just a weapon. As an alternative to firearms some experts propose arming pilots with s tun guns or guns equipped with specialized bullets. The projectiles would â€Å"disintegrate on impact† to ensure the safety of the aircraft. But they could do serious damage to the human body, which is fine in the case of hijackers. The planes cockpits already come equipped with crash axes, which could be used as weapons. (Scott, 3) A survey was given on October ninth asking how many people would agree to letting pilots be armed, and seventy five percent said arm our pilots. † The argument whether or not pilots should carry guns isn’t based upon facts and statistics, but on beliefs and assumptions. Obviously, a pilot carrying a gun reduces the possibility that hijackers could succeed in their task. Also, the majority of the American public feels safer just knowing that many pilots are beginning to carry weapons. For those passengers who don’t like the idea of pilots carrying guns, they should realize that they trust pilots every time they fly and that giving those pilots a gun is just showing a greater trust in them. Some people opposed to pilots carrying guns fear for the safety of the passengers; they fear that a stray bullet may strike a passenger. What if the pilot shot numerous times at the hijacker and accidentally shot a passenger? Honestly, this is a very legitimate point. However, given the choice, most would choose a stray bullet to one passenger over the tragic deaths of thousands. People think that (Donnelly, 1) a few bullet holes in the plane will make something happen and cause the plane to go down. These people have no clue what they are talking about. Airlines have experienced explosions on planes without it crashing what will a few bullet holes do? Most pilots have a very strong opinion about this either for or against (Ko, 1) one pilot had argued that If we fail in security screening, profiling, baggage searches, security checks, and have a terrorist get on an airplane, which is very possible, what is our defense? he asks. All I am asking for is a fighting chance to save my passengers, crew, aircraft and people on the ground from a psycho or terrorist. Some people oppose having guns on board for numerous reasons. If a potential terrorist knows that a gun is on board, they could craft a plan to utilize it as part of a larger plan. The use of a locked cabin door and on-board air marshals seems like enough security. With tight airport security, it is almo st impossible for a hijacker to bring a gun or a knife on a plane. The most they would probably be able to get through would be a pair of box cutters. They would not be able to bring down the entire plane, or be able to bust open the pilots cockpit doors with a pair of box cutters. If the pilots had a gun, the hijackers could ambush the pilots when they came out of the cockpit and the hijackers would end up having the guns and the passengers would be defenseless. (Scott, 3) But what the pilots are trying to let people know is that you would have to go through rigorous testing and skills training to be considered, and that is to prevent another tragic even like September 11th. I do believe airline pilots should be armed because if the plane is being hijacked, that may be the only way to save lives if the plane has been overtaken by hostiles. I believe airline pilots should be armed to protect themselves and the passengers from hostiles. There are many U. S. Marshalls which are placed on airplanes to keep a hijacked plane from occurring, but I still believe it is a good idea for the pilots to be armed. The hijackers could get past the Marshall and make their way to the cockpit which would be a very dangerous scenario. If the pilot was armed, this could save hundreds of lives as the hostiles would not expect the pilot to have a weapon. I dont think we should take any chances after the attacks of September 11th. There should be a method, policy, procedure and training for the handling of the weapon. An action plan should be attached to the possibility of having to use the weapon. But, yes, pilots should be armed. The pilot should have to pass a psychological assessment, as they already have to. But, a pilot with a gun is no more dangerous than a pilot with a plane full of passengers, flying through the air. There are no police in the sky. Theres nowhere to run and hide up there. And, the pilot already has the responsibility of everyones life in his hands. So, he should be as equipped as possible to deal with that responsibility. Work Cited Donnelly, Sally B. Pilots Packing Heat. Time 160. 10 (2002): 31. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. Ko, Marnie. Arm The Pilots. Report / Newsmagazine (Alberta Edition) 28. 1 (2001): 22. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. West, Woody. Arming Airline Pilots Is A Risk Worth Taking. Insight On The News 18. 23 (2002): 48. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. Scott, William B. Airline Pilots: Arm Us And They Will Come. . Aviation Week Space Technology 155. 20 (2001): 47. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. Scott, William B. Battle Lines Drawn Over Arming Airline Pilots. Aviation Week Space Technology 156. 7 (2002): 45. Academic Search Complete. Web. 2 Dec. 2011.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk essay

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk essay Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk essay Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk essayConstant fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates are the cause of market risk. This information the experts of Costco Wholesale Corporation report in their exposure. The exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates mostly to the company’s investment holdings. They are diversified among various instruments considered to be cash equivalents, such as: short-term investments in government and agency securities. In Report experts corporate notes and bonds with effective maturities of generally three months to five years at the date of purchase. Fundamental tendency of their investment activities is to preserve main and secondarily to generate yields. Company’s short-term investments give majority, that are in fixed interest rate securities – subject to changes in fair value due to interest rate fluctuations. Board of Directors of Costco Wholesale Corporation det ermines the direction that limits investments in the U.S. to direct U.S. government and government agency obligations, as well as the unite asset and mortgage-backed securities with a minimum overall portfolio average credit rating of AA+. International subsidiaries’ investments of Costco Wholesale Corporation denominated in their local currencies. For example, they are Canadian international subsidiaries’ investments, but, firstly they are in money market funds and bank certificates of deposit. Company’s experts fixed the impact that a 100 basis-point change in interest rates would have on the value of their investment portfolio. The incremental change in the fair market value was insignificant. Results of 2012-2013 years can be used as an acknowledgment of this fact.   Experts say, investments, if they are classified as available-for-sale, the unrealized gains, losses related to fluctuations in market volatility and interest rates, they are showed other comp rehensive income, that   include stockholders’ equity in accumulated. Character of Costco Wholesale Corporation and their long-term debt may vary result of future business requirements. And it varies market conditions too. The majority of Corporation’s long-term debt is carried at $4,595 at the end 2013. Fluctuations in interest rates may influence the fair value of the fixed-rate debt.   These fluctuations may influence the interest expense related to the variable rate debt too.Foreign Currency-Exchange RiskCostco Wholesale Corporation’s foreign subsidiaries conform to fixed transactions in their non-functional currencies. They expose Corporation to fluctuations in exchange rates. Costco Wholesale Corporation manages fluctuations and tries to hedge economically the impact of fluctuations of foreign exchange. First of all, contracts intend for economically hedge exposure to U.S. dollar merchandise inventory expenditures. They made by Corporation’s int ernational subsidiaries. Contracts do not qualify for origin hedge accounting. Costco Wholesale Corporation tries to reduce risk with the use of these contracts. Company don’t intend to attract in speculative transactions and don’t to support any credit-risk-related contingent features. Company tries to manage counterparty risk unite with contracts by limiting transactions. It is training effectively mitigates counterparty risk. Contracts last to less than one year, no more.Commodity Price RiskCostco Wholesale Corporation explores to fluctuations in prices for energy that they consume, separates electricity and natural gas. Corporation tries to partially mitigate through fixed-price contracts for certain of their warehouses and other facilities. Company often enters into variable-priced contracts for some purchases of electricity and natural gas. These contracts meet the characteristics of valid instruments, and important qualify for the â€Å"normal purchases or norm al sales† exclusion under authoritative guidance.